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The four pillars of OOP—Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, and Polymorphism—provide a framework for writing modular, reusable, and maintainable code. Understanding these principles is essential for modern software development.
Design an algorithm to find the shortest path between two nodes in a weighted graph. Consider the following:
Implement your solution in Python and test with sample data.
Think about a recent code review you participated in. What feedback did you receive or provide? How did the review process improve code quality? What best practices can you apply to future projects?
Don't Repeat Yourself: Every piece of knowledge should have a single, unambiguous representation in your codebase. Avoid code duplication by extracting common functionality into reusable functions, classes, or modules.
Definition: A mathematical notation that describes the limiting behavior of a function when the argument tends toward infinity. In computer science, it's used to classify algorithms by how their runtime or space requirements grow as input size increases.
Common complexities: O(1), O(log n), O(n), O(n log n), O(n²), O(2ⁿ)
Never store passwords in plain text or commit API keys to version control. Always use environment variables for sensitive data, implement proper authentication and authorization, and validate all user input to prevent SQL injection and XSS attacks.
The Factory pattern provides an interface for creating objects without specifying their exact classes:
class ShapeFactory:
@staticmethod
def create_shape(shape_type):
if shape_type == "circle":
return Circle()
elif shape_type == "square":
return Square()
elif shape_type == "triangle":
return Triangle()
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown shape: {shape_type}")
# Usage
shape = ShapeFactory.create_shape("circle")
shape.draw()Build a complete web application with the following requirements:
Due: Final submission in Week 14 with live demo presentation.
Test your understanding of fundamental data structures. This quiz covers arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and hash tables.